F&O Loss Set-Off and Carry-Forward: Definitive Source-Verified Guide
ICAI Guidance Note on Tax Audit (Revised 2025) — turnover formula update. The ICAI Direct Taxes Committee’s Tenth Edition (Revised 2025) of the Guidance Note on Tax Audit under Section 44AB updates the F&O turnover method. For tax audits of FY 2025-26 (AY 2026-27) onwards, the turnover formula is:
- Sum of favourable and unfavourable differences on squared-off trades; plus
- Premium received on sale of options — with anti-double-count proviso: if your broker P&L already nets the option-sale premium into the per-trade profit/loss, do not add the premium separately.
- Differences on reverse trades also count.
- Open positions at year-end are picked up when squared off.
- Delivery-settled derivatives use the trade-vs-settlement price difference; if you held the underlying as stock-in-trade, the entire sale value is business turnover.
For AY 2026-27 onward, use the Revised 2025 edition. Earlier assessment years should be checked against the ICAI guidance applicable to that year.
Source: ICAI, Guidance Note on Tax Audit under Section 44AB of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Revised 2025), Direct Taxes Committee, Tenth Edition, para 5.11(b).
Source basis: This guide is source verified against the official documents listed below. It is educational guidance, not personalized tax advice.
Official sources used: Income-tax Act, 1961 (India Code consolidated PDF); Income-tax Act, 2025 — CBDT (official landing); CBDT: 1961 ↔ 2025 provisions concordance utility; CBDT Notifications (official index); CBDT FAQs on Interplay & Transitions — Income-tax Act 2025.
Short answer
Use Section 71 for same-year non-salary set-off, Section 72 for future business/profession set-off, and Sections 80 and 139(3) for the loss-return timing condition.
The pinned Act evidence supports three core rules for F&O losses: eligible exchange-traded derivatives are not deemed speculative under Section 43(5), business loss cannot be set off against salary under Section 71(2A), and non-speculative business loss can be carried forward under Section 72 for future business/profession profits.
Same-year set-off
Section 71 allows a loss under a non-capital-gains head to be set off against income under another head, subject to Chapter VI restrictions. Section 71(2A) creates the important salary exception: a business loss cannot be set off against salary income.
For F&O traders, the clean source-verified position is:
- Do not set off F&O business loss against salary.
- Same-year set-off against eligible non-salary income can be considered under Section 71.
- Capital-loss rules are separate, so do not mix F&O business loss and capital loss without checking the return schedules.
Carry-forward rule
Section 72 allows non-speculative business loss that could not be fully set off under Section 71 to be carried forward. In later years, it is set off against profits and gains of business or profession. Section 72(3) limits the carry-forward period to eight assessment years immediately succeeding the year for which the loss was first computed.
This means a carried-forward F&O business loss is not a general discount against every future income source. It is preserved for future business/profession income.
Return timing for loss claims
Section 80 says a loss must be determined in pursuance of a return filed in accordance with Section 139(3) to be carried forward and set off under Section 72. Section 139(3) refers to furnishing a return of loss within the time allowed under Section 139(1). Section 143(1)(a)(iii) allows disallowance of a loss claim where the relevant return was filed beyond the Section 139(1) due date.
This guide does not state any AY-specific extension date. Check the current e-filing portal, CBDT circulars, and your return utility before relying on a calendar date.
Why the return timing matters
A correct loss number is not enough. If you want the loss preserved for future years, the loss must be determined through the return mechanism described in Sections 80 and 139(3).
Pinned official sources for the points above: CBDT Circulars (official index); CBDT: Income Tax Returns (notified forms); Income Tax e-Filing Portal: ITR downloads; Income Tax e-Filing Portal: individual business/profession help.
Audit is a separate question
You do not decide audit only from the existence of a loss. Audit is checked separately under Section 44AB, the cash-condition threshold, and Section 44AD(4)/44AB(e) where relevant. Calculate turnover first, then test audit.
Dual-citation framing (AY 2025-26 vs AY 2026-27)
This guide cites two statutes side-by-side because India is mid-transition.
- AY 2025-26 (TY 2024-25) and earlier: the Income-tax Act, 1961 applies. Returns filed in 2025 follow 1961-Act section numbers (43(5), 44AA, 44AB, 44AD, 71, 72, 73, 74, 80, 139, 143, 271B).
- AY 2026-27 (TY 2026-27) onwards: the Income-tax Act, 2025 (Act No. 30 of 2025, assented 21 Aug 2025, commenced 1 Apr 2026 per s.1(3)) applies, with the 1961 Act repealed by s.536. Successor section numbers are 2(31), 2(33), 58, 62, 63, 110, 111, 112, 113, 117, 263, 270, 408, 428. Forms move from 3CA/3CB/3CD to Form 26 under the Income-tax (No. 2) Rules, 2026 (CBDT Notification 22/2026, in force 1 Apr 2026).
When a calendar date is not pinned to a CBDT circular below, treat the date as indicative and reconcile with the e-Filing utility before relying on it.
FAQ
1. Do I need to file a return to carry forward F&O loss? Yes. Section 80 links carry-forward to a loss determined through a return filed in accordance with Section 139(3).
2. Does this guide verify a specific AY 2026-27 due date? No. It verifies the statutory due-date mechanism, not an AY-specific extension date.
3. Is F&O loss speculative? Eligible exchange-traded derivatives covered by Section 43(5) are not deemed speculative.
Official sources
Source basis: This article is checked against the official documents listed below. It is educational guidance, not personalised tax advice.